Delaware has more navigable waters than territory. Like New-Jersey, it is calculated only for domestic trade, and to be intersected by the continuity of the inland navigation running collateral with our Atlantic shores. It is this alone which will give to that state its chief importance in this point of view. It will have to be effected by connecting Christiana and Elk creeks, unless its level ground will somewhere admit of cutting a canal which can be supplied by tide waters.

Maryland, whose indented shores of tide waters, perhaps exceed any other state in the Union, commands an important rank in a commercial point of view, by the invaluable intersection of the Chesapeake Bay, and the concentration of its capital near the head of it at Baltimore. It already classes the third in the United States, and it ever will maintain its position.

Its chief improvements in inland navigation are, the bed and channel of the Susquehannah in concert with Pennsylvania; with Virginia for the improvement of the Potomac, and, if possible, to straighten it in its upper bends-to tap it, perhaps about the elbow, near the Monocasy, and throw it into the Patapsco, near Baltimore, a distance of about fifty miles; and a joint intersection with Delaware by the Atlantic parallel canal.

If the head of tide waters in the Chesapeake afford a good harbour, it will furnish a mart that will enter into competition with Baltimore, at least for the Susquehannah trade. The tapping would establish Baltimore in the preference for the Ohio trade, in which she already rivals Philadelphia by overland transport ; and unless New-York can come into the competition by an outlet of Lake Erie into the Ohio, Baltimore will eventually become the mistress of this trade.

It is singular how the celebrated Doctor Morse came to give this trade, with that of all the lakes west of Ontario, to the borough of Alexandria. Surely it could not have been the Doctor's political partiality for the southern states which led him to bestow it there at the expense of New-York. But I presume he had not correctly informed himself of nature's calculation on the subject. He has been led into a very considerable error respecting the distances between the places. He lays down the distances from the mouth of the Cuyahoga to Alexandria 425-and to New-York 825-making a difference of 400 miles.

The result of my labours to ascertain the distances, is as follows-From Alexandria up the Potomac to George's Creek 230 miles (see Morse's Geography, p. 622) to Savage River, say 6-portage from this to Cheat River 37-to its mouth 50 (see Gazeteer, under Cheat River)-down the Monongahela to Red Stone, by water, 40-to its junction with the Yohogany 50-to Pittsburgh 12 (see Gaz.)-down to Big Beaver 30-up that, across the portage, and down the Cuyahoga to Lake Erie, by their meandering 180-making 635 miles. The other route, from Cuyahoga to Buffalo 190--to mouth of Niagara River 36-to Oswego 160 -to Oneida Lake 43-across it 27-to Rome 26-to Utica 25-to Schenectady 82-its portage to Albany 16-to New-York 165-total 768 miles. But the Doctor has very partially added the distance from Albany to New-York; whereas Albany is as properly the head of tide waters on this route as Alexandria is on the other, the distance of which is 603 from Cuyahoga, or 32 miles less than Alexandria, instead of 400 miles further.

Let Albany get the Genesee Canal completed, and Baltimore the one above proposed from the Potomac, and they become the two principal points. Albany will then be about 500 from Cuyahoga, and Baltimore about the same as Alexandria, about 130 miles further, nor will it be to her purpose to go to the expense of shortening those fluctuating streams. From this consideration, Baltimore will only take into view the Ohio trade. If a draft can be obtained on Lake Erie into the Ohio, as was mentioned in the tenth number, with its distance from New-York 720 miles to Pittsburgh-or 550 from Albany-that from Baltimore being about 425,* leaves a difference between them of 125 miles. (The Doctor in his Geography, page 188, makes this difference 580 miles, and the Doctor is more apprehensive of interruptions from a Canadian or Indian war than our frontier settlements are.) This will produce an able competition between the two places. Albany, through the aid of NewYork, will be able to afford European goods about the same as Baltimore; but the latter will undersell the former in West India produce. Albany will have a capacious and permanent inland navigation for eight or nine months in the year. Baltimore cannot depend on hers for more than four or five months.

Our surprise at the Doctor's partiality for the southern route still increases on reading his information of the Potomac-" At Fort Cumberland, in a dry season, it is but a small stream," and yet he proposes to navigate it about thirty miles further up-and of the Monongahela, in his note to page 538, he says, "the Monongahela which commonly is barely sufficient to turn two grist-mills, after great rains, sometimes suddenly rises nearly 40 feet."

The Doctor, when " strolling into the uncertain field of conjecture," over the map of our country, wherever he could catch a brace of brooks in the neighbourhood of each other, and running in different directions, he projected a canal between them, and cut up the continent " into a cluster of large and fertile islands."

The aborigines of our country, through their want of science and resources, and from their strong propensity to indolence, have pursued the natural bed of streams, and towed their boats to the head springs and backed them over the portages, as a make-shift; but it would be a burlesque on civilization and the useful arts, for the inventive and enterprising genius of European Americans, with their large bodies and streams of fresh water for inland navigation, to be contented with navigating farm brooks in bark canoes.

HERCULES.