In proceeding to notice the states to the south of Maryland, I premise, that owing to the Apalachian mountains precluding any principal connexion between their eastern and western waters, to their being more agricultural than either commercial or manufactural, I have presumed their views to be more confined to territorial and local pursuits ; and the want of particular information, not inattention to their respective interests, will lead me necessarily to be brief in my remarks on them.

Virginia affords almost every planter a river at his door." It has a common interest with Maryland in improving the Potomac and the Shenandoah, on which essays are already made; if possible, the former would merit the straightening of its bends above the junction of the latter. Also, with North Carolina, in continuing the Atlantic parallel, by a canal through the great Dismal Swamp, which is already undertaken, but probably on too small a scale.

It has the Rappahannock, York, James, Appamatox, Staunton, and the great Kanhawa. Of these, James River, from its size, merits particular attention.

The light streams of Jacksons and Green Briar rivers, the approximating branches of James and Kanhawa ; the impeding mountains on their portage; and perhaps the indisposition of its inhabitants to commercial enterprise, are causes which reduce the importance oŁ this western communication to locality.

North Carolina has its proportion of rivers and inland navigation. It has too much about its coast, with its sounds, their impeding shoals, and inlets. Its quota of the canal through the great Dismal Swamp continued into Albemarle sound. Its rivers are, Roanoke, Pamlico, Nuse, Cape Fear, and their branches; the Dan, Yadkin, and Catawba, which, although more or less navigable, are no doubt susceptible of valuable improvements.

South Carolina appears on the map to be admirably well watered by rivulets. The principal rivers, which it offers for improvement, are the great Pedee, the Santee and its valuable branches, and the Savannah in conjunction with Georgia. Probably the Santee might be tapped about Nelson's ferry and thrown into Coopers River and to Charleston-also at Murry's ferry and overland to Georgetown.

Georgia has a major interest in the improvement of the Savannah and its branches-the Ogeechee, the Alatamaha and its branches.

The western states, from their interior situation, would have no custom-house dividend to defray the expense of their improvements; the public lands in their territories, however, could be appropriated to the purpose in payment to the workmen. Two or three years labour would purchase and stock a farm for those who had no capital to procure it; nor would the government feel so sensibly the high price of labour; and this would have the mutual effect of improving and populating the interior of our country.

Ohio has the Cuyahoga and the Sandusky, on the north-and the Muskingum, Hockhocking, the Scioto, and the Miamees, on the south, most of which were spoken of under New-York.

Indiana has the Wabash, Illinois, and the Kaskiaskis.

Kentucky has, in conjunction with Ohio and others, the canalling of the rapids of the Ohio river. It ought to be cut 20 or 30 feet deep to encourage the large sized ship-building up stream. The village of Marietta, at the mouth of the Muskingum, has already suffered by their experiments in the business, a sum perhaps equal to half the expense of it.

The culture of hemp, establishments in the manufactory of iron, cordage, and duck, added to ship-building, will afford a valuable resource to that country. The Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, and Green rivers, may admit of improvements for the internal trade of that country.

Tennesee has the two valuable rivers of Tennesee and Cumberland. Their head branches would require the chief improvements, except the Muscle Shoals in the former.

The Mississippi Territory has the Tombigbee, Coosee, Tallapoosee, Chatahoosee, and Flint rivers. Tennesee will have a joint interest in endeavouring to canal the portages between the Tennesee and the head branches of the Coosee and Tombigbee. The Tennesee might be tapped below the junction of Clench River and thrown into the former; and tapped again above the Muscle Shoals, and thrown on to the crown land between the latter and Bear Creek, which falls into the Tennesee. The latter would give a new route for the importation of merchandise into the states of Tennesee and Kentucky. With 100 miles tidewaters in the Mobile; 250 miles up stream in the Tombigbee, 50 miles canal; and 230 miles down Bear Creek and the Tennesee to its mouth, making 630 miles from Mobile Bay to the Ohio River 45 miles above the Mississippi, and but 300 miles of the distance against current waters ; which is 1057 miles by the Mississippi, and the whole distance of it up stream.

To possess the jurisdiction of the mouths of the rivers which traverse this territory, and the custom-houses necessarily established on them, is an argument for our government to purchase the Floridas. Unfortunately, the Harbours of these rivers are shallow and will be of less value unless they can be improved.

What will be the utility, or even policy, of cutting across the bends and straightening the Mississippi ? Whether the increased rapidity of its current will not over-balance the shortened distance, is a subject on which I will not venture to speculate, except to remark, that, with a straightened channel to that river, there would probably be less drowned lands on its margin.

A marine canal, the most noble work of the kind on this " ball of earth," would be a cut across the Isthmus of Darien. Were the Mexican empire under an independent government-or even under an enterprising one-this would be done in less than half a century, and those provinces opened to a liberal trade, under which their abundant resources would make them immensely wealthy. Nature never has, nor will, endure the jealousy and selfish dogmas of man with impunity. From the huckster's shop to the chartered company's ship ping warehouse, the principle continues the same. Wherever the avarice and vanity of man has imposed his restrictions-whether in religion, politics, or commerce,-she has entered her caveat to them.

I shall conclude the subject with some general observations.

HERCULES.