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Finseth, Ian. Scartoons: Racial Satire and the Civil War. 9 April 2003. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/SCARTOONS/cartoons.html>

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The Ordinance of Secession. The Civil War in South Carolina. 14 April 2003. <http://www.researchonline.net/sccw/hist0004.htm>

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Volck, Adalbert John. Sketches from the Civil War In North America. London, 1863. 3, 12, 26.

Wilson, Rufus Rockwell. Lincoln in Caricature: 165 Poster Cartoons and Drawings for the Press. Elmira: Primavera, 1945. i – xv, 128, 132-3, 166-7, 170-1, 180-181, 192, 212, 224, 308-9.

Credit: Special Collections, University of Virginia Library.