Fox-Genovese. "Between Individualism and Fragmentation: American Culture."

The problem of identity has always haunted Americans. Most aspired to become "white, Protestant, middle-class, male, and from the Northeast." Thus, authors like Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe are ideal Americans. America is now in a battle over identity and universities are attempting to "establish the cultural integrity of non-canonical culture." Fox-Genovese goes on to discuss several African-American authors, male and female, and how they deal with the "two-ness" of their being. Like Nina Baym, Fox-Genovese believes that race and gender should be at the core of our understanding of American identity.

Mumford. "Homosex Changes: Race, Cultural Geography, and the Emergence of the Gay."

Like Lott and Hale, Mumford discusses the strange relationship between black and white maleness. However, he frames his discussion from a different perspective - the male invert communities in America that began in the 1890s. Gender-reverals, corss-dressing, sex circuses, and the like were parts of the homosexual culture. Mumford discusses several writers of this phenomenon, as well as personal accounts and how music such as jazz became integrated in the scene. As he states, these stories demonstrate the "social structural, enthnographic, discursive, [and] intersubjective" components that "intersect to create American culture."