Besides the Trees which are figured, there are in Carolina these following:

Pinus. The Pine Tree,
Abies. The Firr-Tree, many Kinds.
Acacia. The Locust Tree, two Kinds.
Tilia. The Lime-Tree.
Pavia. Scarlet flowering Horse Chesnut.
Siliquastrum. The Judas-Tree.
Fagus. The Beech-Tree.
Ulmus. The Elm-Tree.
Salix. The Willow-Tree.
Sambucus. The Elder-Tree.
Coryllus. The Hazel-Tree.
Carpinus. The Horn-beam-Tree.

The Manner of Making Tar and Pitch.

The Pitch-Pine is that from which Tar and Pitch is made, it yielding much more Rosin than any of the other Kinds: These Trees grow usually by themselves, with very few of any other intermixed. The dead Trees only are converted to this Use, of which there are infinite Numbers standing and lying along, being killed by Age, Lightning, burning the Woods, &c. The dead Trunks and limbs of these Trees, by Virtue of the Rosin they contain, remain found many Years after the Sap is rotted off, and is the only Part from which the Tar is drawn. Some Trees are rejected for having too little Heart; these are first tried with a Chop of an Ax, whether it be Lightwood, which is the Name by which Wood that is fit to make Tar of is called: This Lightwood is cut in Pieces about four Foot long, and as big as ones Leg, which with the Knots, and Limbs, are pick'd up, and thrown in Heaps: After a Quantity sufficient to make a Kiln is thus gathered in Heaps, they are all collected in one Heap near their Centre, on a rising Ground, that the Water may not impede the Work. The Lightwood being thus brought into one Heap, is split again into smaller Pieces; then the floor of the Tar-Kiln is made in bigness proportionable to the Quantity of the Wood; in this manner a Circle is drawn thirty Foot diameter, more or less, the Ground between it being laid declining, from the Edges to the Centre all round about, sixteen Inches, more or less, according to the Extent of the Circle. Then a Trench is dug from the Centre of the Circle to the Edge or Rim, and continued about five or six Feet beyond it, at the End of which a Hole is dug to receive a Barrel. In this Trench a wooden Pipe is let in of about three Inches diameter, one End thereof being laid so as to appear at the Centre of the Circle, the other End declining about two Foot, after which the Earth is thrown in, and the Pipe buried, and so remains till the Kiln is built. Then Clay is spread all over the Circle about three Inches thick, and the Surface made very smooth; great Care is taken to leave the Hole of the wooden Pipe open at the Centre, that nothing may obstruct the Tar running down from all sides into it; this done they proceed to set the Kiln as follows, beginning at the Centre, they pile up long Pieces of Lightwood, as close as they can be set end-ways round the Hole of the Pipe, in a pyramidal Form, six Feet diameter, and eight or ten Feet high, then they lay Rows of the four Foot split Billets from the Pyramid all round the Floor to the Edge, very close one by one, and the little Spaces between, are filled up with the split Knots before mentioned. In this manner all the Wood is laid on the Floor, which being made declining to the Centre, the Wood lies so also; thus they proceed, laying the Wood higher and higher quite round till it is raised to thirteen or fourteen Foot projecting out, so that when finished, the Kiln is about four or five foot broader at the Top than at the Bottom, and is in Form of an Hay-stack before the Roof is made. Then the short split Limbs and Knots are thrown into the middle so as to raise it there about two Foot higher than the Sides, then the Kiln is walled round with square earthen Turfs about three Foot thick, the Top being also covered with them, and Earth thrown over that. The Turfs are supported without by long Poles put cross, one End binding on the other in an octangular Form, from the Bottom to Top, and then the Kiln is fit to be set on Fire to draw of the Tar, which is done in the following manner:

A Hole is opened at the Top, and lighted Wood put therein, which so soon as the fire is well kindled, the Hole is closed up again, and other Holes are made through the Turfs on every side of the Kiln, near the Top at first, which draws the Fire downward, and so by degrees those Holes are closed, and more open lower down, and the long Poles taken down gradually, to get at the Turfs to open the Holes. Great.

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