The March Toward War: The <em>March of Time</em> as Document and Propaganda
Introduction The Time Empire MOT as Document Marching into War Voice of Conscience Timeline/Index
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Introduction
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Introduction

Most March of Time radio show files were originally digitized by the American Studies graduate and undergraduate classes of 2003-04. I'd like to thank professors Alan Howard and John Sullivan for lending me their research on March of Time. All entries from Variety, Billboard, and the Boston Globe are from their collection.

BOOKS:

Brown, Robert J. Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in Thirties America. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: 1998.

Charnley, Mitchell V. News by Radio. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1948.

Dick, Bernard F. Anatomy of a Film . Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2002. 35.

Fielding, Raymond. The March of Time, 1935-1951. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. (By far the authoritative book on the March of Time newsreel).

Fielding, Raymond. The American Newsreel. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972.

Pearl Harbor: America's Call to Arms. Vol. 1, No.3. October 2001.

Stott, William. Documentary Expression and Thirties America. London: Oxford U. Press, 1973.

White, Paul. News on the Air. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1947.

NEWS ARTICLES

"75 Employees Behind 'March of Time' Programs; Alternate Set of Bosses." Variety. 21 August 1935: 51.

"Asked to See All in Reich." The New York Times. 3 February 1936: 12.

"Audience Boos at Film Story of Nazis' Rise." The Washington Post. 21 January 1938: X5.

"Aviation Story of New Type is Cheered at Fox/'March of Time' Scores; Heart Drama at Earle; Other Programs." The Washington Post. 3 February 1935: 10.

"Bands Rove Cities/Thousands Arrested for 'Protection' as Gangs Avenge Paris Death." The New York Times. 11 November 1938: 1.

Bell, Nelson B. "New England States Offer Example in Patriotism." The Washington Post. 8 July 1941: 8.

Bell, Nelson B. "'Ramparts' Is Lustily Cheered at Premiere." The Washington Post. 24 July 1940: 14.

Birchall, Frederick T. "Ontario Bars Film 'Canada at War.'" 5 March 1940: 2.

"British Charge Nazis Invent Tortures for Prison Camps." The Washington Post. 31 October 1939: 1.

"British Jews Open Drive for 1,000,000 [pounds]." The New York Times. 16 March 1936: 9.

Carskadon, Tom. " Time Marches On." Tower Radio. January 1935: 24.

"Censors Stand Pat on 'Ramparts' Film/Fear of its 'Terrifying Effect on the Masses' Caused Cut in Movie in Pennsylvania/Court Fight is Next Step/Producer Asserts Board Does Not Know Americans as He, an Ex-Navy Man, Does." The New York Times. Sept. 20, 1940: 23.

"Chicago Bans Film Exposing Situation Under Nazis' Rule." The Washington Post. 19 January 1938: X26.

Crowther, Bosley. "Time Marches On to the Ramparts." The New York Times. 22 October 1939: 133.

"Denver Ballys 'Time' Reel Big with 'Air,' $6,000." Variety. 30 October 1935: 4.

"Dominican Envoy Denounces Movie of 'Dictatorship.'" The Washington Post. 14 July 1936: 1.

"For March of Time." Variety. 19 October 1935: 29.

"'Four Daughters' Stirs Many Warm Emotions." The New York Times. 21 September 1938: 8.

"Fugitive from a Nazi Camp Here to Expose Hitler Regime." The Washington Post. 15 March 1936: X5.

"German Jews Face Hopeless Fate as New Wave of Nazi Terror Hits." The Washington Post. 13 November 1938: B2.

Hearst Accuses March of Time of Propaganda. Variety. 4 March 1936: 4.

"Hearst No Like 'Time' Mention." Billboard. 2 May 1936: 6.

"Hollywood's Censor is All the World." The New York Times. 29 March 1936: SM10.

"Hook to Time." Variety. 6 November 1935: 27.

"Huey a Film Censor Now? Kidding Subject Deleted from 'Time' in N.O." Variety. 24 April 1935: 1.

"If Moscow Strikes." The New York Times. 30 April 1952: 33.

"Keith's Offers a Three-Star Screen Bill/Holiday Fare Excels/'Time' Fare Applauded/'Ferdinand' Scores." The Washington Post. 25 November 1938: X9.

Kuhn, Ferdinand. "Kennedy Helped Censor Newsreel, Commons Learns." The New York Times. 24 November 1938: 1.

Lyons, Leonard. "The Post's New Yorker." The Washington Post. 25 January 1938: X14.

"Many Society Leaders Watch 'The Ramparts.'" The Washington Post. 24 July 1940: 10.

"March of Time." Billboard. 1 September 1935: 10.

"March of Time." Variety. 20 January 1935: 41.

"March of Time." Variety. 28 August 1935: 38.

"March of Time." Variety. 23 October 1935: 13.

"March of Time." Variety. 18 December 1935: 13.

"March of Time." Variety. 22 January 1936: 15.

"'March of Time' on 5-Time Basis." Billboard. 27 February 1935: 8.

"'March of Time' Changes Mind." Billboard. 12 October 1935: 7.

"March of Time's Daily Schedule." Billboard. 27 July 1935.

"'The March of Time Fades Out of Amusement Scene, Bowing to Country's International Relationships." The Washington Post. 20 January 1938: X6.

"'March of Time' Takes 'Rap' for No Apparent Reason." The Washington Post. 21 January 1938: X6.

"Ministers Finding Support in France." The New York Times. 21 September 1938: 1.

"Move to Free Jews in Nazi Camps Seen." The New York Times. 27 July 1938: 9.

"Movie Version of Nazis Gets Calm Reception." The Washington Post. 22 January 1938: X26.

"Nazi Execution of 200 Jews in Camp Reported." The Washington Post. 19 November 1938: 1.

"Nazi Protests Fail to Block Film Showing." The Washington Post. 30 August 1940: 11.

"News of the Screen." The New York Times. 20 January 1941: 13.

"No Regret Voiced/Goebbels Declares That the Nation Followed Its 'Healthy Instincts.'" The New York Times. 12 November 1938: 1.

"Nobody Wants to Go Back to the Ethiopia Front, Newsreels Dilemma." Variety. 16 October 1935: 1.

"Notables Are Coming Here for 'Between the Devil;' 'March of Time' Takes 'Rap' for No Apparent Reason." The Washington Post. 21 January 1938: X6.

"Palestine" Protested, Censored. Variety. 30 October 1935: 6.

"Paris Bans Refugee Film." The New York Times. 26 January 1939: 2.

"Pictorial Journalism." The New York Times. 2 February 1935: 10.

Porter, Russell B. "Nazis' Propaganda Fails to Win Peru." 4 August 1940: 16.

Pryor, Thomas M. "Down the Homestretch/After Eighteen Months, Time Completes 'The Ramparts We Watch'—Potpourri." The New York Times. June 30, 1940: 103.

Pryor, Thomas M. "Looking Back At It All/The Films Encountered Many of the Same Old Problems Again in 1940." The New York Times. Dec. 29, 1940: X4.

"Raids on Jews Decreed for All Germany; Riots Spread." The New York Times. 19 June 1938: 1.

Review. The Boston Globe. 2 February 1935: 12.

"RKO-Keith's." The Washington Post. 22 January 1938: X10.

"RKO-Keith's." The Washington Post. 29 October 1938: X8.

"RKO Keith's Has Three-Ply Christmas Bill." The Washington Post. 24 December 1938: X16.

Selection from "Luise Rainer Plans Vacation In Europe Within Few Weeks." The Washington Post. 30 January 1938: TS2.

"Screen News Here and in Hollywood." The New York Times. 17 January 1941: 21.

"Short Subjects." Variety. 1935.

"Short Subjects." Variety. 21 August 1935: 21.

"Short Subjects." Variety. 24 April 1935: 13.

"Short Subjects." Variety. 18 September 1935: 15.

"Showing of Film on Nazis Guarded." The New York Times. 21 January 1938: 14.

"Sydney Refuses Ban on Film." The New York Times. 14 April 1938: 19.

"Talking Shorts." Variety. 5 June 1935: 15.

"Tempestuous Career of 'Nazi Spy.'" The New York Times. 2 January 1940: 124.

"The Theatre." The Wall Street Journal. 14 April 1938: 13.

"Time, Life, Fortune Go Heavy on Radio." Variety. 7 May 1938: 9.

"Time Marches On and On/A Hurried Investigation of That Highly Potential Screen Feature." The New York Times. 31 October 1937: 178.

"'Time' Publishes First Radio Department." Variety. 21 May 1938: 4.

"'Time' Tarries; CBS Stations Fret." Variety. 26 February 1936: 44.

"Trans-lux." The Washington Post. 29 January 1938: X8.

"Vital Events On Screen at Trans-Lux." The Washington Post. 3 October 1938: X8.

"Wheeler Film Attack on Court Change Is Censored in Kansas." The Washington Post. 17 April 1937: 1.

"Willkie Engaged to Defend Films." The New York Times. 2 September 1941: 19.

"Woll Denounces Nazis." The New York Times. 19 January 1936: 27.

ADVERTISEMENTS

ProQuest, a service available through some library systems, is a great way to search for advertisements. Proquest includes historical material from The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and The New York Times. The search will catch even the smallest reference in an advertisement or news article.

The New York Times. 28 Jan. 1938: 17.

The Washington Post. 20 March 1936: 15.

The Washington Post. 9 Sept. 1937: 6.

The Washington Post. 28 Jan. 1938: 7.

The Washington Post. 25 July 1940: 9.

Variety. 1 January 1935: 31-32.

Variety. 25 September 1935: 34.

Variety. 30 October 1935: 31.

Variety. 1 January 1936: 94.

Variety. 26 February 1936: 40.

Variety. 2 February 1938: 30.

WEB SITES

An invaluable resource for radio show researchers is the RadioGOLDINdex, which provides programming information from old radio shows. Be aware that some dates for programs may not be accurate (I found some cases where March is confused with May).

Other sources:

American Studies at the University of Virginia: Americans in the 1930s Timeline. August 7, 2004. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/%7E1930s2/Time/timefr.html>

CIA World Factbook. CIA.gov 15 July 2004. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/fq.html>

Excerpt from History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
Volume 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific (pp. 16-18). Samuel Eliot Morison. <http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/PR/pr5-sinking.html>

March of Time script from Radio Days. 1 August 2004. <http://www.otr.com/marchtime.htm>

The Second World War. July 20, 2004. <http://www.qt.org/worldwar/timeline/>  

Selassie photo from Wikepedia. 23 July 2004. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haile_Selassie>

Time.com. 30 July 2004. <http://www.time.com/time/personoftheyear/archive/covers/1935.html>

World War II Timeline. July 20, 2004. <http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/start.html>

PHOTO CREDITS (for those not indicated by caption)

From: Fielding, Raymond. The March of Time, 1935-1951. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Defining the Films (shot of opening to show, 47), Marching Into War (movie marquis, 139), Time Marches—On Film! (old title, 47).

Time Marches—On Film! top is from the Library of Congress Web site. <http://loc.gov.>